Look for: Tiny yellow/white dots (stippling) on leaf tops. Fine webbing on undersides — especially where leaf meets stem. Dots move slowly when disturbed.
Look for: Small dark flies hovering near soil surface. Larvae are tiny translucent worms in topsoil. Sticky traps will catch adults.
Look for: Green, black, or white clusters on new growth and stem joints. Sticky honeydew residue on leaves below them. Ants nearby = aphid sign.
Look for: Tiny white flying insects that scatter when you shake the plant. Check leaf undersides for small white eggs.
Look for: White powdery patches on leaf surfaces. Starts as small circular spots, spreads fast. Wipes off with your finger (vs trichomes which don't).
Look for: Brown/gray mushy areas INSIDE buds. Dead leaves sticking out of colas. Musty smell. Usually starts where a leaf touches a dense bud.
Look for: Silver/bronze streaks on leaves. Tiny elongated insects that are hard to see — use a loupe. Black dots (frass) on leaf surface.